Azania Regional State of Somalia

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Soomaaliyeey toosoo

Toosoo isku tiirsada ee

Hadba kiina taagdarane= e

Taageera waligiinee……..

Somali National Ant= hem

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CONTENT PAGE

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1.= Azania Regional State in Beautiful Somalia …………………………̷= 0;……………….3

1.= 1. = = Azania R. State in Somalia’s Map(blue prin= t) , It’s Flag and Emblem………….3<= /i>

1.= 2.      =    Azania R. State’s General Information………………………&= #8230;…….…….............4

1.= 3.      =    Azania R. State’s Beautiful natural Im= ages…………………………&= #8230;…………..5

1.= 4.      =    = The Charter principal of Azania Regional State of Somalia…………………= 230;..6

1.= 5.      =    = Information from Azania’s First President Mohamed Abdi Mohamed ………..16        =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            =                 =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            =

1.= 6.      =    = Author of this Book’s Information…&#= 8230;…………………………= ………...........…..18

2.=      Somal= i’s Civil War Timeline………………………R= 30;…………………………&#= 8230;………21

3.=      Somal= i’s Civil War Death EstimatesR= 30;…………………………&#= 8230;…………………….29=

4.=      Famin= e in Beautiful Somalia………………= 230;…………………………&= #8230;……………...30

5.=      Power Struggle in long Somali Civil War………………= …………………………̷= 0;…34

6.=      Trans= itional Fedral Government………............................…&#= 8230;.........................……35

6.= 1.      =    = The Capital of S= omalia Mogadishu…………………………= 230;………..…………..36

6.= 2.      =    Somalia̵= 7;s Foreign Relation …………………………̷= 0;…………………………= 230;39

6.= 3.      =    = Transfering Powers Democratically……………………̷= 0;…………………….....39

6.= 4.      =    = Corruption in Transitional Federal Government(TFG)… ………… ………&#= 8230;..39

6.= 5.      =    Keny= a and = Ethiopia…………………………R= 30;…………………………&#= 8230;……......40

7.=      Somali Islamic Religious Groups…………………………= ;…………………………R= 30;..41

7.= 1.      =    = Ahlu Sunna Waljama’a………&= #8230;…………………………= ;………………………….41<= o:p>

7.= 2.      =    = Islamic Courts Union (ICU)…………… …………………………̷= 0;……………..41

7.= 2.1. ICU&#= 8217;s War against TFG and = Ethiopia between (2006-2009)……………41<= /i>

7.= 2.2. Why ICU didn’t welcome Foreign fighters in Somalia?................... …………...42=

7.= 3.      =    = Hizbul Islam (Islamic Party)………………………… ….………………………R= 30;42

7.= 4.      =    = Harkat Al-Shabaab Mujahideen(HSM)……&= #8230;………….…… ………………… 42<= /p>
7.= 4.1. Al-Sh= abaab and TFG accusing each other…………………= ;………………43

7.= 4.2. Al-Sh= abaab’s military fights Against TFG’s and AMISOM……….…= …. 43

8.=      Somali Islamic Scholars in the Past and present. …………̷= 0;………………………45

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1.1- AZANIA REGIONAL STATE OF = SOMALIA’S Map(blue prin= t),FLAG & EMBLEM

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Somali National Flag        =             &nb= sp;            =          = Azania Regional State Flag        =           Azania Regional State Emblem

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        =             &nb= sp; 1.2-            =         Azani= a Regional State of Somalia

Capital

Bu’aale

Largest city

Kismayo

Official language(s)

Somali and Arabic

Government

Presidential Democracy

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President of the State

Prof. Mohamed Abdi Mohamed(Gandhi)

Regional State

In Somalia

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<= span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt'>Proclaimed

2010

Area

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Total

87,000 km²
33,000 sq mi

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Water (%)

Negl.

Population

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2009 estimate

1,900,000

Currency

Somali Shilling (SOS)

Time zone

EAT (UTC+3)

Internet TLD

.so

Calling code

252 (Somalia)

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Somali refugee women asking when = will the Somali war will stop, I want go back to my Homeland of Somalia from Kenya? <= /span>       &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;                  &nbs= p;            &= nbsp;

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1.3-      BEAUTIFU= L AND SAD IMAGES FROM AZANIA REGIONAL STATE OF SOMALIA

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   1.4- The Charter Principals & Objectives of A.R.S.S

1. Azania Regional Stat= e of Somalia - Azania (formerly Jubaland= ), had b= een established to restore peace, justice, stability, rehabilitation, developme= nt and the rule of Law and Constitutional democratic order in southern regions of Somalia, to bring about a meaningful and lasting peace and unity of Somali people on common Federal democratic platform.

2.&n= bsp;    Azania, seeks to institute higher morality TO END the civil war, destruction of our country and = the madness engulfing our nation of Somalia and it’s people today!!!!.

3.&n= bsp;    Azania,&nb= sp; Believes tht Government should be Servent to it’s public, and supports and participates the abolishment of the deep rooted fraud a= nd corruption (particularly misusing or stealing public funds for personal use), mismanagement, nepotism and tribalism in the transitional Federal Governmen= t, since these are the same basic problems that started our Somali civil war 21 years ago today. = Please read the chapter about corruption in TFG.

4. Azania Regional Stat= e of Somalia, provides a new social economy, and political direction; should work hard for the UNITY of Somali people, and advance the livelihood of all Somalis and specially Azania Natives.

5. Azania will earnest participate, preserve and protect the independence of Somali nation and the right to liberty of its people in a democracy based on the sovereignty of   the nation its peace, stabil= ity, rule of law, justice and equality of all Somalia.

6.&n= bsp;    AZANIA Regional State of Somalia and all oth= er Federal Somali Regional States shall advocate that Somali Nation and its people are ONE AND INDIVISIBLE= and Under no circumstance or ex= cuse, Somali people will accept the division of their beloved Nation of Somalia and its people” .      Democracy, independence and sovereignty belong to the people who shall exercise it, in the form determined by the constitution and Laws of the land.

7.&n= bsp;    Azania Believes that all Somali citizens without distinction on Tribal basi= s, regional origin, birth place, gende= r, economic or social status or opinion shall have the right and duties before= the Law.

8.&n= bsp;    Azania resp= ects the human rights of all Somali citizens, their dignity, freedom, and also believes that the Law shall guarantee to all their right to speak, to organ= ize, to meet together, to publish, to preach, to worship and educate their child= ren.

9. Azania supports the multi-party system including religious parties; all parties should equally obey the constitution, Laws of the land and the teachings of our Islamic religion. Elections shall be fair and partie= s must have moral and faith in running good and clean elections; thus, staying = away of illegal crimes such as election fraud in preventing eligible voters from casting their vote freely (or voting at all); and alte= ring the results. Also parties must work = with each other to form coalition of Government.

10.&= nbsp;           &nbs= p;           Azania declares and promotes that all Somali citize= ns shall be equally

    eligible f= or public offices, and that no specific political group, regional group, relig= ious group or tribal group should dominate in governing the nation.

11.&= nbsp;           &nbs= p;             No one shall be condemned by the order of the government officials,=

imprisoned, deported or restricted without fair trial.

12.&= nbsp;           &nbs= p;           Imprisonment shall be only for seri= ous crimes against the public and shall aim at re-education not vengeance.=

13.&= nbsp;           &nbs= p;             No one shall be above the Law including the president of the Nation , the federal and Regional state cou= rts shall be representative of all Somali people.

14.&= nbsp;           &nbs= p;             The police and Army forces shall fo= llow the constitution and Laws of the land and Shall be open to all Somalis on e= qual basis and shall be the helpers and protectors of the Somali nation and its people.

15.&= nbsp;           &nbs= p;             A.R.S.S Government shall repe= al, All Laws that discriminate on the basis of tribal, regional, gender, belief= or a race.

        =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            SOCIAL

1.&n= bsp;    Azania Regional State of Somalia, urges to all Somali youth, intelle= ctuals and scholars, social workers, army forces, farmers, and the rest of our nation’s men and women to unite for peace and stability in our nation= its people, and work hard towards the development and improvement of our nation’s social, economy, health, and education, especially for the g= ood future of growing young Somali and future generations.

2.     The d= oors of learning our Islamic peaceful religion and our beloved Somali culture sh= all be opened to all Somalis, especially the youth, in order for us to stop = Some Islamic Groups whom are misinterpreting and misleading our great Islamic religion’s correct teachings, for their hidden agenda to govern the Nation. (Allahu Akbar –= God Is Great) .

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3.&n= bsp;    Azania,&nb= sp; believes Free high quality education for all somalis, from elementary school to university. Educati= on should be a right for all somalis, not just for a privileged few. New Somali generations shall educate themselves and be Mak= ers, Inventors, Venture Capitalists, Economist, Lawyers, Businessmen, Agriculture and/or Animal Health and Husbandry, Marine & Fishery, Police, Military, Engineers, Technologist, Computer Information Tech, Journalist, Doctors, Nurses, Journalist, Governers, Policymakers and all other Industries. Azania, shall discover, develop and encourage Somali national talent for the enhancement of our cultural life; all the cultural treasures of mankind shall be open to all, by free exchange of books, ideas= and contact with other lands.

The a= im of education shall be to teach the Somali youth to love and develop their coun= try; to honor human brotherhood, liberty, peace, and justice. =

Educa= tion shall be free, compulsory, universal, and equal for all Somali children. Hi= gher education and technical training shall be free and open to all Somali stude= nts .

Adult illiteracy shall be ended= by a mass national educational plan as before (Olalihii Af-Soomaaliga Bar ama Ba= ro – learn or teach Somali language program) and encourage further improvement for the Somali literature.

4.&n= bsp;    Every Somali citizen in A= zania shall have the right to personal status in accordance with his respective S= omali Cultural Laws(Xeer Soomaali) and customs, and the status of Muslims shall be governed by the general principles of our religion, Islam.

5.&n= bsp;    In Azania , like other Regional states of Somali= a, There should be houses, security and comfort!!, All Somalis shall have the right to live where ever they choose in Somalia, to be decently housed, and= to bring up their families in comfort and security. Rent and prices shall be lowered, food plentiful and no one shall go hungry again!; Cities, small to= wns and villages are rebuilt where all shall have transport, roads, lighting, playing field, crèches and social centers. The aged, the orphans, the disabled and the sick shall be cared by the state. Rest area, leisure and recreation areas shall be the right of all.

6.&n= bsp;    A preventative health scheme shall be run by the state. Free medical care and hospitalization shall be provided for all somalis, with special care for mothers, young children and senior citizens.

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7.&n= bsp;    Freedom of information is an extension of freedo= m of speech, a fundamental human rights recognised in international law, which is today understood more generally as freedom of expression in any medium, be = it orally, in writing, print, through the Internet, T.V, Radio or through art = forms. This means that the protection of freedom of speech as a right includes not only the content, but also the means of expression. Freedom of information = may also refer to the right to privacy in the context of the Internet and information technology. As with the right to freedom of expression, the rig= ht to privacy is a recognised human right and freedom of information acts as an extension to this right.   In Azania their should be a speci= al relationship exists between media and government. Although the freedom of t= he media may be constitutionally enshrined and have precise legal definition a= nd enforcement, the exercise of that freedom by individual journalists is a ma= tter of personal choice and ethics.. For the representatives to be accountable, = and for the process of Government to be transparent, effective communication pa= ths must exist to their constituents.

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Today= these paths consist primarily of the mass media, to the extent that if press free= dom disappeared, so would most political accountability. In this area, media et= hics merges with issues of civil rights and politics.

     No specific government officials, political groups, regional groups, religious groups or tribal groups should dominate the public social media for their personal agenda.

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ECONOMY

1.&n= bsp;    Azania Regional State of Somalia, promotes that every Somali citizen has the right to economic initiative, and supports the adoption of mixed economy system, in which the government and private sectors function independently, but work together as necessary, und= er the Laws of the land for the interest of our nation and its people.

2.&n= bsp;    Azania again promotes and supports the importance of utilizing the natural resources of our Somali nation and encourages all Somali citizens, foreign nations and their citizens to feel free investing in Azania Regional State = of Somalia, for the development of agriculture, fishing, livestock and livesto= ck products, mineral, oil & gas resources and the improvement of our telecommunication, information and industrial technologies.

FOREIGN POLICY

<= ![if !supportLists]>1.&n= bsp;    As the Federal Somali constitution declares, A.R= .S.S accepts the international Laws and international treaties; actively partici= pate in supporting the non-aligned nations movements, and fully respects the cha= rter principals of the united nation organization, the organization of African union, the Arab league, and the international Islamic conference.

= 2.&n= bsp;    Azania supports Transition Federal government decisions for the consideration of liberty, justice, peace in Africa and ar= ound the world and in particularly with all Somalis in the horn of Africa and all over the world , as well as all muslims, Arab and African brothers and sisters with whom we are linked = by history, religion, culture and particular outlook for the creation of better future for all our children in the World.                =             &nb= sp;            =                                     =            A.R.S.S Charter Principals By:        =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            =

        =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;            =             &nb= sp;   Patriot & Chairman

Feysal Moallin A. DAHIR        =             &nb= sp;            =

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1.5-

        =                  =             President of Azania Regional State of Somalia

Mohamed Ab= di Mohamed (Gandhi) is a Somali anthropologist, historian and politician. He was the former Minister of Def= ense of TFG , and the current President of Azania. He holds PhD degrees in Geology and Anthropology/History in addition to an Habilitation à Diriger des Recherches (HDR) from Besançon Universityin Besançon, France. A former Research Scientist at the IRD in Paris, Gandhi was awarded an International Baccalaureate Diploma. He also served a= s a senior program advisor of UNDP Somalia in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR). An active participant in the Somali peace process, Gandhi was Lead Consultant in Mapp= ing the Somali Civil Society. He also chaired the Technical Committee at the Ar= ta Somali Peace process that took place in Arta, Djibouti, as well as being a member of the Somali Civil Society at the Somali Peace and Reconciliation Conference that= was held in Kenya. An accompl= ished author, prof.Gandhi has wrote and published many books, and Articls.

On April 3= rd, 2011, The President of Azania announced, t= he establishment of a new Regional state in southern Somalia. Referred to as Azania (formerly Jubaland), the nascent polity is led by Pro.Gandhi, who is serving as its first President. According to President Ghandi, Azania was selected as the name for t= he new administration because of its historical importance, as "Azania wa= s a name given to Somalia more than 2,500 years ago and it was given by Egyptian sailors who used to get a lot of food reserves from the Somali Coast[...] I= ts origin is [an] Egyptian word meaning the land of plenty." Egypt= ions also named “Land of Punt” located in today’s Regional State of Puntland in Somalia.

President = Gandhi's first stated policy initiative was to remove the Al-Shabaab group of milita= nts from Azania R. State of Somalia, using Azania’s Somali National Force= with assistance from Somalia’s African allies specially Kenya.

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Author & Patriot - Feysal Moalli= n A. Dahir

1.6    Author of this Book = with the Charter Principal is:- Patriot - Feysal Moallin A. Dahir,    who resides Virginia in the United States= of America.

I Graduated from Oklahoma Central University, in Edmond Oklahoma, Bachelor of Science in computer information system / Accounting and Master = of Science in systems engineering at George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia USA.

I worked i= n a variety of different jobs in Oklahoma, <= st1:State w:st=3D"on">Maryland, Washington DC and Virginia States in USA, including accounting Manager in a property of Marriott Corporation, Hotel Manager in Hilton and Comfort Inn of choice Hotels, Computer telephony specialist at Kaha Int. Telecom and assisted the system engineering Dept. a= t George Mason University etc̷= 0;

I left the= beautiful Somalia at the age of 17, in 1979 under Somali Revolutionary Council of President Mohamed Siyad Barre ; After obtaining my High school degree at the institute of animal Health, Husbandry and laboratory technology; Being the = 3^rd student in final grade results of the whole school, I received degree in a graduation ceremony by former military= General Jaalle Osman Mohamed Jeelle (= Gen. Jaalle Jeelle).

After, fin= ishing his high school education, I departure to Saudi Arabia and landed in Jeddah= with my father Moallin Abdi Dahir and later met my brother Haji Ahmed Moallin at Jeddah airport, and gladly all three of us went together to Mecca and later to Medi= na to complete our pilgrimage (hajj). And frankly that was the most exciting and = best place I ever visited in my lifetime.

After comp= leting our pilgrimage my father went back to Beautiful Somalia and I joined my bro= ther Haji Ahmed to Abu Dhabi, in United Arab Emirates, in which I started w= orking with Zakum Development Company- ZADCO, A French oil drilling company in Abu Dhabi, U.A.E.=

In order t= o help the Horn of African communities, I have to educate myself and fortunately, my elder brother Muha= mmad Moallin who died in 2009 (Allah Bless His Soul) wrote a letter to me in 198= 1, insisting and recommending me not to come back to Somalia till I obtain my highest degree of education, as my brother Colonel & Hajji Rashid Moall= in in the Somali Navy obtained his degree in Shipping Engineer from the Former Soviet Union and who became officer in charge of the Somali Navy’s Kismayo-port in Southern Somalia; In 1989 the somali Navy gave him scholarship to continue his higher education = in Chicago, Illinois USA. he completed his advanced Naval education; Unfortunatly he can’t go back home to Somalia , due to the Somali civil war . Today He lives in Ca= lifornia, USA with his family, a= fter him and his wife the Amazing Sister-in-law Hajjio Rahimo Sayid Badradiin Ah= med completed their Hajj or pilgrimage in Me= cca and Madena on 2011.

Personally= , I pursued my higher education graduated in Grade Point Average- of 3.7/4.0, and became twice most outstanding student in Oklahoma C. University, Langston and Oklahoma State University in Oklahoma; Unfortunately, after obtaining my higher education, = Somalia was already in the mi= ddle of unnecessary power struggle civil war.

I voluntee= red to be the head Peace Activist of the Somali community in Washington D.C Metro = Area of Maryland and V= irginia to help extinguishing this mad fire of Somali civil war, burning and engulf= ing the whole Somali Nation, especially in the central and southern regions including AZANIA Regional State. I also , started to volunteer in assisting NGO’s whom were helping generally the Somali Nation and specifically AZANIA State (formally Jubaland).

Sadly, it = became obvious and impossible to stop Somali’s Civil War and close this bad chapter of our Somali history with this senseless power struggle civil war = for 21 years till today.                             =

Finally,   I dedicated and wrote this Bo= ok for the memories of hundreds of thousands innocents Somalis died in the hand= s of power struggle and dirty wars between war mongers and warlords of (A)- corrupted military officials (= B)- corrupted civilian politicians and (C)- power struggle between Islamic grou= ps and ICU’s war against warlords and D)- TFG with AMISOM & Ethiopia Against some of the Islamic Groups like = ICU and later with Al-Shabaab.

These wars= plus natural droughts that had not been controlled, with continuous unnecessary wars and= with no full functioning government, resulted in A MAN MADE FAMINE, in which thousands of helpless Somalis, espec= ially children died for Starvation. (May ALLAH Bless Their Souls).=

2) Somalia’s Civil War Timeline-FD=

Janua= ry 1991 R= 12; Somali Revolutionary Council under President Mohamed Siyad Barre a Major General in the Somali Army had been overthrown , pushin= g Somalia into anarchy and clan warfare.=

May 1991 — Somalia= ’s northern Regions declared an independent Republic of Somalil= and that includes the administrative region of Awdal, Woqooyi Galbeed, Togdheer, Sanaag, and Sool,. (Although this wasn’t unanimous decision of accept= ance in Secession from the Mainland of Somalia by all six Regions, specially the= Natives of Awdal, Sool and Sanaag Regions, without referndum)     Although not recognized by any International government, this entity maintains a stable existence, peace a= nd Development "

Decem= ber 1992 — The BBC repor= ts, "the UN established a small Cease-fire Observer Force operation (UNOSOM I). It failed to make any impact and as civil war escalated a massive humanitarian crisis developed. In December 1992 a US-led task force (UNITAF) intervened to create a secure environment for relief operations. It succeed= ed in securing the main relief centres in the starvation area but did not atte= mpt to disarm the Somali clan militias or the warlords."=

June = 1993 — In response to militia attacks, the UN Security Council grants authority to UNOSOM to arrest warlord General Mohamed Farrah Aideed.
March 1994 — The U.S. withdraws all troops from Somalia after 18 U.S. Army soldiers are killed in a the battle surrounding Aideed's attempted capture. This battle is often referred to as "Black Hawk Down."

March 1995 — UNOSOM withdraws troops. Since entering= Somalia= , 70 UN peacekeepers and thousands of Somalis have been killed.
August 1998 Puntland Northeastern Regions of Somalia ( Bari<= /st1:City>, Karkar, Haylaan, Mudug, Nugaal, So= ol, Sanaag, and Alayn.. except occasional dispute with Somaliland ; Puntland Regional State of Somalia,= enjoys Peace, Democracy, Development and prosperity.

Septe= mber 2000 — Clan elders appoint Abdul Kassim Salat H= assan as President and a transitional government is created that aims to reconcile warring clans. Hassan resided and worked in exile at Djibouti, while assuming the leadership of the country, as = Somalia was unsafe for him to live in, but later moved in to Mogadishu, Somalia<= /st1:country-region> to perform his duties as a President of the Nation even though the Capitol = was not stable yet.

April 2001 — The BBC reports, "Somali warlords, = backed by Ethiopia, announce their intention to form a national government within = six months, in direct opposition to the country's transitional administration."

On October 10, 2004, in a session held by the Transitional Federal Parliament (TFP) in Kenya, Abdullahi Yussuf Ahmed was elected as President of the Transitional Federal Gove= rnment (TFG), an interim federal administrative body that he= had helped establish earlier in the year.&n= bsp;He received 189 votes from the TFG Parliament, while the closest contender, er= stwhile Somali ambassador to Washington Abdullahi Ahmed Addou, got 79 votes in the third round of voting.

June = to December 2006 — The = exiled transitional government returns home from K= enya setting up parliament in the city of Baidoa. Only months later, Islamist militias seize control of southern Somalia, including the capital Mogadishu, and remove the warlords ther= e that have ruled for 15 years. The Islamic Courts Union(ICU), made up of religious clerics, businessmen and court officials, rises to oppose Yusuf's governmen= t.

The U.S. State Department reports, "Several broadcasting stations were clo= sed during the year. For example, in January the TFG closed three radio station= s in Mogadishu: HornAfrik, Shabelle Media Network, and Holy Koran Media Station. In October= TFG security forces closed Radio Simba after it conducted a telephone interview with a former Islamist leader. The radio was later allowed to resume operations, but one of its staff and two other journalists were arrested in November and remained in jail at year's end."

June 2006 — Foreign journalist Martin Adler is shot= and killed while covering a demonstration organized by the Islamic Courts.=

July 2006 — The Islamic Courts Union takes over Mogadishu. E= nforcing a social edict calling watching or playing soccer "a satanic act," the ICU opens fire on a cinema in Mogadishu. The business owner and a young girl are shot dead during this raid on a ban= ned viewing of a World Cup match. In another incident, IC forces storm a cinema where youths are watching a soccer match and arrest 25 people. The youths a= re jailed and their heads are shaved. The arrested include some children repor= ted to be as young as 10 years old.

October 2006 — The U.S. State Department reports, "the Islamic Courts announced a 13-point code of conduct for the media that effectively eliminated freedom of the press in the areas they controll= ed. Among other provisions, the code of conduct stipulated: media must not disseminate anything that could create confrontation between the people and= the Islamic Courts; journalists are required to reveal sources; the media must = not serve foreign interests; and journalists may not attend foreign seminars without the formal permission of the Islamic Courts. Later in October Abdir= ahim Ali Mudey, the Islamic Courts' head of communication and information, said = the code of conduct for the media were only proposals and could be discussed.&q= uot;

The International Federation of Journalists decries attacks on Somali media out= lets including forced closure of East Africa Radio in Moga= dishu, the burning of newspapers by Haatuf in Somaliland and the barring of foreign journalists from even entering Somaliland.

The Federal Government of Somalia arrests three journalists and hold them in detention for nine days, reportedly for spreading propaganda in favor of the Islamic Courts.

November 2006 — Transitional Federal Government (TFG) f= orces detained journalist Abdullahi Yasin Jama from privately owned Radio Warsan = for airing a report that Ethiopian forces may be headed for Mogadishu. International NGO Reporters Without Borders alleges that Yasin Jama faced physical abuse during his three-day detention.

December 2006 — A military advance by Somali and Ethiop= ian troops defies UN and African Union request for foreign troops to be pulled = of Somalia. The advance is aimed at Mogadi= shu and successfully forces the ICU to flee.

2007 Lasanod Became the Capitol of Sool, Sanaag and Cayn – SSC<= span style=3D'mso-spacerun:yes'> and now Khatumo Regional State of Somalia is under HBM-SSC (Hoggaanka Badbaadada iyo Mideynta SSC), a local unionist Native gr= oup whose goal was the creation of their own Regional State administration call= ed Khatumo Regional State of Somalia.. . Khatumo Regional State = of Somalia is Formally known as SSC - was par= t of the Dervish State until 1921, when British Colonialist incorporated into the former British Somaliland protectorate.

January 2007 — TFG and Ethiopian forces complete the r= emoval of the Council of Islamic Courts from Mogadishu.

February 2007 — Journalist Ali Mohammed Omar from Radio Warsan is killed in the Baidoa region while walking home. Reporters Without Borders reports that Omar died, "while doing his job."=

March 2007 — Unidentified gunmen shoot and kill peace activist Issa Abdi Issa while he was attending a workshop. Masked men = kill TFG supporter Abdinasir Mohamed Serjito. Unidentified assailants throw hand grenades into the offices of an international NGO in the Bay region. From March until July, the U.S. State Department reports approximately 30 politically motivated killings of senior members of the Transitional Federal Government and of the Benadir regional administration.=

April 2007 — The mayor of Mogadishu accuses displaced women and children of being terrorists and denies them humanitarian aid. Militia troops attack a convoy in the Gedo region delivering humanitarian supplies.= The attack results in two deaths.

May 2007 — Armed militia hijack a vehicle owned by= an NGO in Jidali. Peace Radio journalist Mohammed Abdullahi Khalif is kil= led in the Puntland region.

The U.S. State Department reports, "radio Jowhar journalists Abshir Ali Ga= bra and Ahmed Hasan were killed in the Middle Shabelle Region while accompanying the newly-appointed TFG regional governor on a familiarization trip. Also in August unknown gunmen killed Mahad Ahmed Elmi, head of Mogadishu-based Capi= tal Voice, a sister radio station of HornAfrik Radio."
June 2007 — TFG police forces arrest Haji Abdi Iman= , a leader of an anti-TFG group and hold him without charges. Two unidenti= fied gunmen kill Shibis District Commissioner Hussein Omar.

July 2007 — The government summarily executes two f= ormer TFG members at a police station in the Hamar Jabab district without a trial= for killing a TFG officer two months earlier.

August 2007 — Unidentified assailants kill National Reconciliation Council (NRC) delegate Moalin Harun.

Unknown individuals detonate a remote-controlled bomb, killing Ali Sharmake, a peace activist and the director of Horn Afrik Media, as he returns home from the funeral of his colleague Ahmed Elmi, who was shot and killed hours earlier. Four civilians are killed as TFG officers open fire in respon= se to the detonation of a roadside bomb. Unknown gunmen open fire on the minibus of Abdulkadir Mahrad Kasey, from Radio Benadir, in the Gedo region, killing Kaskey.

September 2007<= /strong> — TFG Chief Justice Yusuf Ali Harun and J= ustice Mohamed Nur Shegow are arrested on orders from the Attorney General on char= ges of corruption and misuse of office. They remain without bail at the end of = the year. Also in September, TGF and Ethiopian National Defense Force (END= F) troops respond to extremist attacks with shelling of civilian areas.

October 2007 — Head of Shabelle Media Group Bashir Nur= Gedi is killed outside of his home in Mogadishu.

Throughout the year 3,000 detainees report that they were subject to beatings and tort= ure.

June 2008 — According to the U.N. News Service, TFG= and the Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia sign a peace accord, agreeing to end confl= ict between sides and calling for the UN to send a stabilization force to the c= ountry. The deal calls for a 90-day ceasefire and removal of Ethiopian troops from = Somalia= by October.

The Committee to Protect Journalists reports, two unidentified men kill Somali journalist Nasteh Dahir Farah, vice chairman of the National Union of Somali Journalists (NUSOJ). Local journalists report the men shoot and kill Farah while he is walking home from an internet café in Kismayo. Dahir had been reporting on the distribution of port tax revenue in the city.

July 2008 — Two UN World Food Program (WFP) NGO wor= kers are shot dead in Baule. The shooting happens after WFP workers get into a dispute with militiamen guarding a security checkpoint over the payment that Somali militias force humanitarian aid workers to pay to pass through the checkpoint.

In separate incidents, one aid worker is killed and another wounded in Mogadishu. Deputy Director of the Somali aid agency DBG Mohamed Mohamud Keyre is killed after unidentified gunmen shoot him and flee the scene. Three armed men also shoot and injure aid worker Ali Bashi on the same day as Keyre's death.

Unidentified gunmen kill Osman Ali Ahmed, head of UNDP (United Nations Development Progr= am) in Somalia. The attack in Mogadishu also leaves Osman's brother and son injured.

September 2008 — Somali pirates hijack a Ukrainian ship carrying 33 tanks, spark international concern and result in a US naval deployment in Somali waters.

October 2008 —&n= bsp;NATO agrees to join anti-piracy operations off t= he coast of Somalia to help control armed gangs, which have attacked and ransomed numerous ship= s. The seven frigates will join U.S. ships surrounding the captured Ukrainian vessel due to fears that the weapo= ns on board may be sold to armed groups in Somalia.

October 2008 —&n= bsp;A religious leader and several others are arrest= ed in connection with suicide-bombs that led to at least 23 deaths.

November 2008 — Somali pirates hijack a Saudi super-tanker filled with oil, demanding $25 million as ranso= m.

December 2008 — Ethiopia announces its plans to remove all troops from <= st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Somalia= by the end of 2008. President Yusuf resigns after attempts to sack Prime Minister Nur Hassan for trying to bring moderate Islamists into the government. Parliament declares the dismissal attempt unconstitutional.

January 2009 —  Ethiopian forces withdraw from Somalia completely. The radical Islamist al-Shabab militia take control Baidoa, onc= e a safe hold of the transitional government.

January 2009 — Mod= erate Islamist leader Sheikh Sharif Ahmed won the presidency in a parliamentary session held in Djibouti; 149 new members from the main opposition party are sworn in by Somalia= 's parliament.

February 2009 — Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke is appointed as prime minister and is expected to = use his diplomatic experience as a way to partially reconcile Islamists within = the Somali government and the international community.

May 2009 — Isl= amist insurgents and pro-government militia engage in month-long deadly fighting = in Somalia's capital of Mogadishu, killing more than 200 and causing as many as 60,000 to flee.

June 2009 —= Somali Security Minister Omar Hashi Aden and 50 = others are killed in a suicide-bombing in Beledweyne, carried out by the al-Shabaab Islamist group. Fighting intensifies and leads to Somalia= 's cabinet declaring a state of emergency, calling for asked neighboring count= ries to send troops to help the UN-backed government.

Muktar Mohamed Hirabe, the head of one of the Somali’s leading broadcasters, Radio Shabelle, is shot and killed. Hirabe is the fifth journalist ki= lled that year in Somalia= and Islamist insurgents are suspected of consistently trying to suppress pro-government press.

July 2009 — UN = human rights chief, Navi Pillay, announces that recent activity by Islamist insurgents against activists, aid workers, journalists, and the displaced i= n Somalia= may be violations amounting to war crimes. Pillay notes that while regular judicial institutions have ceased to function in Mogadishu, crimes will be punished when order is restored.

November 2009 — Pir= ates seize a Greek-owned supertanker transporting oil from Saudi Arabia to the US. Journalists Amanda Lindhout and Nigel Brennan are released after being held for 15 months= by unidentified armed rebels. A spokes person for Somalia= 's Islamist insurgents, Sheik Abdirahim Isse Ado= w, denies any responsibility and offers assistance

February 2010 — Al = Shabab publicly announces that it is aligned with Al Qaeda, and militants refocus attacks on Mogadishu to overthrow the transitional government.

March 2010 — A UN report claims that up to half of the food from the World Food Programme is diverted. Transporters of WFP food aid, implementing partners in Somalia= , and armed groups are suspected of collusion to divert food.

On April 3rd, 2011, The President of Azania announced, the establishment of a new Regional state in th= e Three southern Regions of Somalia(Gedo, Middle Juba, and L= ower Juba; their Capitol is Bu’aale in Middle Juba region) . Referred to as Azania (formerly Jubaland), the nascent polity is led by Pro.Gandhi, who is serving as its first President.

September 2010 &#= 8212; Prime Minister Omar Abdirashid Sharmarke resigns= in response to months of pressure to leave the UN-supported interim government. Many view Sharmarke’s resignation as a move by President Ahmed to fin= d a scapegoat for his administration's failings and to reassert power. Ahmed na= mes Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed as PM who also had been Forced out as well after = only seven months on duty, due to = his discussion abut Public Finance Management.

Janua= ry 2011 —&= nbsp;Somali pirates successfully sei= zed 49 of the total 53 vessels ships seized by pirates worldwide in 2010, despite European and NATO efforts to patrol the waters.

February 2011 — = The Somali Parliament decides to extend its mand= ate for three additional years.

<= /o:p>

3) So= mali Civil War’s death Estimates

        =             =         <= span style=3D'mso-bookmark:Somalia'>Somalia (1991 et seq.): 500,000

·        Civil War (estimates arranged chronologically)

·        Encarta<= /span>: 50,000 killed in fighting and 300,000 dead of starvation (in 23 months following Jan. 1991)
·        Washington<= i> Post: 350,000 (12 Feb. 1993)

·        CDI: 350,000 (1978-97)

·        War Annual 8 (1997): 500,000

·        14 Dec. 199= 8 Vancouver Sun: 400,000 deaths from war, famine and disease since 1991. 300,000 in 1991-92.

·        23 May 1999= Denver Rocky Mtn News: 350,000 by end of 1992; 1M total to 1999

·        Ploughsh= ares 2000: 350,000=

·        IRIN, a UN = humanitarian information unit: 300,000 killed during 14 years of war [http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/library/news/2004/11/mil-041105-iri= n03.htm]

·        Bradley S. Klapper, “Internally Displaced Somalis Face Widespread Abuses: Campaigners”, November 24, 2004, Associated Press: 500,000=

·        “Fail= ed state: 15 years of horror in Somalia”, June 5, 2006, Agence France Presse: 500,000

·        The Nation, “No Running Away From Somalia”, June 29, 2007, Africa News: 500,000=

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4) famine in Beautiful Somalia

In December 2010, the UN Resident and Humanitari= an Coordinator for Soma= lia described the humanitarian situation as one of “chronic catastrophe”. During the second half of 2011,

that catastrophe has become acute. Famine has struck the Horn of Africa, includi= ng Somalia= . One experienced analyst of Somalia has called it “a calamity that could join the ranks of the Rwanda genocide and the Darfur crisis in terms of scale and human suffering.” 15 <= /p>
According to the UN, the Horn of Africa= is experiencing the most severe food crisis in the world since Somalia= ’s 1991/92 famine. Thus far, six out of the eight regions of southern Somalia have been declared in a state of f= amine, whilst large parts of Ethiopia, Kenya and Djibouti are suffering from severe food insecurity as a result of drought and high food prices.

According to a Key Figures on = Somalia factsheet published by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) published on 27 October:

        &= nbsp;       = 4 million people, or 53% of the Somalia population, are in crisis countrywide based on August Food Security a= nd Nutrition Analysis Uni<= span style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:wind= owtext'>t-FSNAU figures - an increase from 3.7 million people in July.

        &= nbsp;       = Of the 4 million in crisis, 3 million people are in the southern regions of Somalia= , a 7% increase from 2.8% million that were in crisis in July. <= /i>

        &= nbsp;       = 750,000 people are in famine, a 46% increase from 350,000 in July

        &= nbsp;       = Famine has now been declared in Bay region of Soma= lia, the sixth area along with southern Bakool, parts of Middle Shabelle, Lower Shabelle, IDPs in the Afgooye Corridor and IDPs in <= st1:City w:st=3D"on">Mogadishu.

&nbs= p;            &= nbsp; = Emergency conditions will persist well into the first quarter of 2012.

Insecurity has limited humanitarian access in southern Somalia, with al-Shabaab being blamed for this situation by most of the international community. It should= be noted that some pro-TFG militias and politicians have been accused of being invol= ved in the diversion of food aid.17 The TFG is also proving an impediment to efficient food distribution due to bureaucracy and corruption. <= /i>Until the rains began recently and the Kenyan incursion took place, this accelera= ted the movement of Somalis into neighbouring K= enya and Ethiopia. The flow of refugees into the Dadaab refugee camps, close to the border, an= d to cities including the capital, = Nairobi has compounded existing food security problems.

As well as high levels of acute malnutrition caused by food shortages, the weakened population is vulnerabl= e to water-borne and communicable diseases such as cholera, measles and malaria, particularly in the overcrowded refugee camps. Security and access to clean water and education have all been adversely affected as a result of the food crisis.

=

Context and reasons for the crisis

Somalia, along with the rest of the Ho= rn of Africa, has long been extremely vulnerable to food crises, some of which ha= ve crossed into famines according to international definitions. A range of factors, often in complex combinations, contribute to this vulnerability: <= /span>

<= span style=3D'mso-list:Ignore'>&nbs= p;            &= nbsp; Protracted conflict on the ground, with some analysts accusing outside powers of exacerbating, rather than helping,= the situation in Somalia through their interventions in the context of the ‘war on terror’.

<= span style=3D'mso-list:Ignore'>&nbs= p;            &= nbsp; The ‘fragility’ of states w= here the crisis is taking place – although in the case of Somalia, ‘fragility’ flatters the Transitional Federal Government. =

<= span style=3D'mso-list:Ignore'>&nbs= p;            &= nbsp; The ‘prevention of access to, and sometimes capture of, humanitarian aid by state and non-state actors. In the current case, al-Shabaab’s negative role is being highlighted. <= /o:p>

<= span style=3D'mso-list:Ignore'>&nbs= p;            &= nbsp; Environmental insecurity, some of it arising from climate change. In the current emergency, there have been extremely poor rains, gravely affecting cereal production. In conditions of growing scarcity of grazing land and water resources, conflict between pastoralists can and does also intensify.

<= span style=3D'mso-list:Ignore'>&nbs= p;            &= nbsp; Economic crises for households that dis= rupt the maintenance of basic livelihoods. For example, in Somalia, households have been suffering enormously from rising local cereal prices a= nd reduced livestock prices.

      =           Health stresses. Health can be compromi= sed by conflict, the absence of even the most public services and by environmen= tal insecurity, contributing to escalating mortality rates. <= /p>
Stakeholders attribute different degree= s of importance to each of these factors. While these evaluations are often base= d on fieldwork and analysis, on occasions tactical calculations may also apply. = For example, many development and humanitarian organisations are traditionally quite cautious about emphasizing ‘political’ factors, given that they have to work with and sometimes through governments. Human rights and conflict resolution organisations are usually less reticent on that count. = The Enough Project is amongst those that have called for the Responsibility to Protect to be invoked as part of a “diplomatic surge”.18 Another expert has claimed that famine in Somalia is “not just a catastrophe, It’s a crime”, raising the possibility of parties guilty of cri= mes against humanity being brought before the ICC.

Donor response20

According to a Key Figures on <= st1:country-region w:st=3D"on">Somalia factsheet published by the UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) on 27 October, the Consolidated Appeal for Somalia (CAP) has been increased to $1 billion, up from $983 million. The CAP is 79% funded at $788 million.

Difficulties in accessing large areas of southern Somalia due to security probl= ems have meant that humanitarian needs have been difficult to identify. Donors = have shown a degree of responsiveness to the developing situation: contributions increased rapidly from the start of July, when the first reports of looming famine in Somalia appeared.

Developed country governments, most not= ably the US, are the most significant donors. However, there has also been an unpreceden= ted response from ‘non-traditional’ donors from the Gulf and other Muslim countries.

The UK Government has committed $188m t= hus far in response to the Horn of Africa crisis, making it the second largest country donor, behind the US. These funds are being reallocated from other areas of the Department for International Development’s budget.22 Of the $188m, most has gone to support work in Somalia ($83m) and Ethiopia<= /st1:country-region> ($79m). The UK Government has allocated £32.27 million to aid agencies working in Somalia since famine was declared by the UN in mid July.

Delivery of aid has been conducted pred= ominantly by UN agencies, in particular the World Food Programme, the Food and Agriculture Organisation, the UN High Commissioner for Refugees, and UNICEF. Major NGOs involved in aid delivery include Oxfam, Save the Children and Ho= rn Relief: there has also been some success in delivering food and medicine to= Somalia via the Kuwait and Iran Red Crescent Societies.

Prospects

The situation is expected to get worse before it improves. The famine in Somalia, having spread to six regions from the two in which it was originally declared, is threatening to expand throughout the whole of the south. Normal to above average rains have been predicted by some analysts for the current season, but even if these do materialise it could take at least two successful planting and harvesting cycles for livelihoods to recover. In the short-term, the rains could exacerbate health risks for the displaced and vulnerable and make the logis= tics of delivering aid more difficult.

Below is an assessment publishe= d by USAID’s Famine Early Warning Systems Network:

In the most likely scenario, famine will persist until the Jan/Feb Deyr harvests due to a combination of high food prices, limi= ted 2011 crop production, and continued assistance gaps related to Al Shabaab access restrictions. Following a projected average to below‐average Deyr harvest, improvements are expected, though continued high local cereal prices, the sale of crop harvests for de= bt repayment, and inadequate emergency response, are likely to result in a continuation IPC Phase 4 – Emergency outcomes in some southern croppi= ng and pastoral areas.

Very early forecasts for the 2012 Gu season suggest that below average rainfall is likely, in part due to the re<= span style=3D'font-size:14.0pt;font-family:"Cambria","serif";mso-bidi-font-famil= y: Cambria;color:windowtext'>‐emergence of a La Nina. Below‐average main season crop production would constrain recov= ery and could result in a persistent Emergency throughout 2012.

In the worst case scenario, both 2011 Deyr and 201= 2 Gu season rainfall would be significantly below normal and humanitarian ac= cess would deteriorate in part due to increased military activity.

In this scenario, though improvements in food security would occur in the medium te= rm, Famine could re‐emerge during 2012 according to the UN experts in Somalia situition.

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5) Power Struggle= in long Somali Civil War of- Corrupted Warlords VS Corrupted Power Mongers.
  After the fall of former Somali Rev= olutionary Council (SRC) Under President Mohamed Soya Barre in 1991, The Corrupted mil= itry officials and the Corrupted civilian politicians, suddenly became WARLORDS and POWER MONGERS , and they started dirty war calling it Ci= vil War misusing our traditional = peaceful Somali tribes as a tool for their hidden agenda of using the young men and women from these innocent tribes for their dirty wars in trying to govern t= he Nation by force, in the name = of a Somali tribe without consenting the Leaders or Chiefs of those peaceful innocent S= omali tribes, whom weren’t aw= are of the warlords and War Mongers deeds and lies.

Now, our t= ribal chiefs knew how to solve tribal disputes (Xeer Soomaali) of 1) water disput= es 2) grass disputes 3) livestock raids 4) Taking or farming some ones land by force or with no consultation dispute 4) running away with girl against h= er wish, dispute. and 5) killing some one accidentally or deliberately;    Therefore, “civil war̶= 1; was and is not in the dictionary of our traditional tribal chiefs; instead it w= as the WORK of power struggle between warlords and war mongers or corrupted milita= ry officials and corrupted civilian politicians.

Following chapters will give you a brief background of 6) Transitional Federal Government (TFG), 7) Islamic Religious grou= ps of 7.1) Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a, 7.2) the former Islamic Court Union(ICU) 7.3) Hizbul Islam= (Islamic Party) and 7.4) Harakat Al-Shabaa= b Al-Mujahideen (HSM) or simply Al-shabaab= .

6) Transitional Federal Government (TFG)

A)     Transitional Federal Government (TFG). The Transitional Federal Government (TFG; Somali: Dowladda federaalka kumeelgaarka) is the current internationally recognized gove= rnment of the Republic of Somalia. It was established as one of the Transitional Federal Institutions (TFIs) of government as defined in the Transitional Federal Charter (TFC) adopted in November 2004 by the Transitional Federal Parliament (TFP).

The Transitional Federal Government officially comprises the executive branch of government, with the TFP serving as the legislative branch. The government is headed by the President of Somalia Sheikh Sharif Ahmed, a Somali Isla= mic Educator, who use to be the head of Islamic Court Union (ICU) , Sharif Ahmed began his education at the Sheikh Sufi Institute in Mogadishu, which was associated with Al-Azhar University in Egypt. He then went to Sudan and entered Kordufan University in late 1992, where he pursued a Bachelor's degree in the Arabic language (major) and geography (minor) in the city of Aldalan= j. In 1994, the university was renamed to the Unive= rsity of Dalanj, and Sheikh Sharif lef= t for Tripoli, the capital of Libya, after having completed= only two out of the required four years. In Libya, he entered the Open University where he earned a Bachelor's degree in Law and Islamic Shariah, graduating in 1998.

The cabinet Minsters reports to the Prime Minister Prof. Abdiwali Ali Gaas, an Economist professor from USA, who dedicated himself for the national cause in helping the Somali nation,.= He is originally from the Regional State of Puntland in northeastern Somalia= . He is multilingual, being fluent in Somali, Arabic, Italian and English. .

Backed by the United Nations, the African Union as well as the United States, the government is currently batt= ling Al-Shabaab insurgents to assume full control of the southern part of the country. As of August 2011, the government and its AMISOM allies have manag= ed to secure control over all of = Mogadishu. According to the AU and Prime Minister Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed, with increasing troop strength, the pace of territorial gains is expected to gre= atly accelerate.

In June 2011, the mandates of the President, the Parliament Speaker and Deputi= es were extended until August 2012, after which point new elections are to be organized.

6.1-= Capitol of Somalia Mogadishu

As with previous Somali administrations, the Transitional Federal Charter of t= he Somali Republic recognizes Mogadishu as the capital of Somalia. The Parliament of Somalia meets in the city, which is also the seat of the nation's Supreme Court. In addition, Mogadishu is the location of the presidential palace, Villa Somalia, where the President resides. The Prime Minister also lives in the city. As the largest city in = Somalia, Mogadishu has a population of over 2 million people.Prior to the civil wa= r, it was known as the "White Pearl of the Indian = Ocean".

The Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of the Rep= ublic of Somalia is the most recent at= tempt to restore national institutions to Somalia after the 1991 collap= se of the Siad Barre regime and the ensuing Somali Civil War. Established in 2004= and internationally recognized, its support in = Somalia was waning until the United States-backed 2006 intervention by the Ethiopia= n military, which helped against the rival Islamic Courts Union (ICU) in Mogadishu and solidify the TFG's rule.<= o:p>

Between May 31 and June 9, 2008, representatives of Somalia's federal government and the moderate Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia (ARS) group of Islamist rebels participated in peace talks in Djibouti brokered by the former United Nations Special Envoy to Somalia, Ahmedou Ould-Abdallah. The conference ended with a signed agreement calling= for the withdrawal of Ethiopian troops in exchange for the cessation of armed confrontation. Parliament was subsequently expanded to 550 seats to accommo= date ARS members, which then elected Sheikh Sharif Sheikh Ahmed, the former ARS chairman, to office. President Sharif shortly afterwards appointed Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, the son of slain former President Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke, as the nation's new Prime Ministe With the help of a small team = of African Union troops, the coalition government also began a counteroffensiv= e in February 2009 to retake control of the southern half of the country. To solidify its control of southern Somalia, the TFG formed an alliance with the Islamic Courts Union, other members of = the Alliance for the Re-liberation of Somalia, and Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a, a moderate Sufi militia= . On October 14, 2010, diplomat Mohamed Abdullahi Mohamed was appointed the new Prime Minister of So= malia. The former Premier Omar Abdirashid Ali Sharmarke resigned the month before following a protracted dispute with President Sharif over a proposed draft constitution.

Foreign Minister of Somalia Mohamed Abdullahi Omaar in a meeting with UNDP Administrator Helen Clark and other diplomats at the UN headquarters in New York.

Per the Transitional Federal Government's (TFG) Charter,^[Prime Minis= ter Mohamed named a new Cabinet on November 12, 2010, which has been lauded by = the international community. The allotted ministerial positions were reduced fr= om 39 to 18.Only two Ministers from the previous Cabinet were reappointed: Hussein Abdi Halane, the former Minister of Finance and a well-regarded figure in the international community, was put in charge of a consolidated Ministry of Finance and Treasury; and Dr. Mohamud Abdi Ibrahim remained the minister of Commerce and Industry. Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a, a moderate Sufi group and an important military ally of the TFG, was also accorded the key Interior and Labour ministries. The remaining ministerial positions were largely assigned to technocrats new to the Somali political arena.

The Transitional Federal Government continues to= reach out to both Somali and international stakeholders to help grow the administrative capacity of the Transitional Federal Institutions and is wor= king towards eventual national elections in 2012, when the interim government's mandate expires. A national election committee is also being organized to oversee the transition to a representative government.

6.2- Somalia’s For= eign relations

The Transitional Federal Government is internationally recognized as the official government of Somalia. It currently occupies Somalia's seat in the United Nations, the African Union, and the Organisation of Isla= mic Cooperation (OIC). The Permanent Representative of Somalia to the United Nations= is Elmi Ahmed Duale. The Deputy Permanent Representative is Idd Beddel Mohamed= . Somalia= is one of the founding members of the lOIC. The TFG also has ambassadors in other countries.

6.3-=    Transfering Powers Democratically with Elections

Even though we Somalis congratulate the transiti= onal federal governments (TFG) for their efforts of transferring power democratically in elections, from one regime to another, yet it is unfortun= ate that Somalia<= /st1:place> do not have a Permanent Constitutional state or full functioning government after 21 years of civil war and after warlords and war mangers, after Islamic Court Union and nowThree Transitional Federal Goverments.

In addition, after long civil war and man made f= amine that brought heavy casualty of deaths to our helpless Somalis, it is really very sad, shame and disgrace to Somalis integrity and dignity that inside transitional federal government (TFG), there is a big corruption with milli= on of public funds missing and why? Please read a report from TFG’s head= of finance management unit –Abdirizak Fara - taag’s report- thanks= to him a real Nationalist.

<= o:p>

<= o:p>

<= o:p>

= 6.4-=          CORRUPTION IN THE TRANSITIONAL FEDERAL

GOVE= RNMENT(TFG).

      Report from whistle blower Mr. Abdulrizak Fartaag, head of the Public         =      Finance Management Unit in Transitional Federal Government(TFG) of Somalia.

Politics and Money Pose Problems fo= r Somalia= ’s Government Somalia’s Transitional Federal Government (TFG) is missing millions of dollars, and may soon be missing even more if it does not resolve its polit= ical in fighting.

Regarding the money that’s already missing, it appears to have disappeared into= a fog of corruption:

Somali politicians are returning from Arab nations with briefcases of cash, and a Somali government watchdog report obtained by The Associated Press found th= at more than $70 million of it is missing instead of being used to fight terrorism, piracy or hunger.

[...]Somalia= ’s prime minister told AP the government is trying to be more transparent by working from a budget and making records public.

In a 22-page report released by Associated Press (AP) exclusively for AP, from Abdirizak Fartaag who docume= nted cash payments that came from Libya, the United Arab Emirates, Sud= an and other donors in 2009 and 2010 totaling more than $75 million. On= ly $2.8 million was accounted for by the government. He based his report, which was written for the Somali government, on interviews with politicians= who witnessed the payments or received money in Mogadishu, Somalia<= /st1:country-region>’s capital.

Fartaag said in his report that the Somali government is missing more than $300 mil= lion once internal revenues from the port, airport, khat trade and telecommunications are added to the Arab millions that have vanished.<= /o:p>

Regarding the money the TFG may not get, the UN is threatening to halt payments to Somalia= unless the TFG can straighten out its internal political disagreements:=

Somalia’s leaders survive solely on international support, but instead of using that money to fight the Islamist militants who rule much of the country, or the innumerable pirates who cruise Somalia= ’s seas, they have recently paralyzed the government with bitter infighting, disappointing Western donors and most Somalis with their passivity and lack= of progress.

Representatives of the Security Council met with Somali officials here in the Kenyan capita= l, after visiting Sudan= earlier this week. They held a news conference here Wednesday, during which they offered stark warnings, as they tried to push Somalia’s leaders to wo= rk together.

“The bickering has to stop,” said Mark Lyall Grant, Britain’s representative on the Security Council.

Read on for more about the infighting. In brief, the dispute between the TFGR= 17;s president and the speaker of its parliament concerns when elections will be held (this August or next August) and who will win.

International frustration with the TFG has been high for months now, and the UN’s ultimatum underscores how far the tension has risen. Reports of corruption, meanwhile, will certainly not help the TFG’s credibility whatsoever.<= o:p>

The ball now seems to be in the TFG’s court. We will see whether the TFG = can resolve the looming electoral crisis, or whether the conflict between the T= FG and its international partners will escalate further.

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6.5      Kenya and Ethiopia=

Kenya had its own sh= are of the Somali dilemma, with close to 400,000 Somali refugees living in Kenya, and also with Somali pirates hijack= ing all the ships that are heading to Kenya’s seaports, and unfortunately with no Somali Navy to stop these pirates, halt= ed down Kenya’s economy and specially their Tourism.&nb= sp;

However, according to a leaked USA Embassy cable dated Feb 02, 2010 says, Ethiopia expressed to United States of America’s officials that they weren’t enthusiastic that Kenya is fully supporting the establishment of AZANIA<= /st1:PlaceName> Regional State of Somalia, but later changed their viewpoint, after AZANIA’s President Prof. Gandhi visited Ethiopia . Ethiopia and Ethiopia’s Somali State (Ogaden), had its share of Somali refugees running from the Civil War from = somalia and opened several feeding centers like Hilaweyn feeding center.

To help th= ese Feeding centers in Ethiopia and Kenya, please cont= act their Headquarters in Nairobi, Kenya and= Addis Ababa, Ethiopia or The Capitol of Somali State Jigjiga, Ethiopia. <= /p>
7) Somali Islamic Religious groups of:

7.1-&n= bsp; Ahlu Sunna Waljama'a ("The Majority") or ASWJ -      is a Somali paramilitary group consisting of moderate Sufis opposed to the other islami= st group like Al-Shabaab. They are fighting to prevent strict sharia and Wahha= bism from being imposed on Somalia and protecting the country's Sunni-Sufi traditions and generally moderate religious views.

7.2- The Islamic Courts Union (ICU) (Somali: Midowga Maxkamadaha Islaamiga)<= /b>

group of Sharia Courts who united themselves to form a rival administration to the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of = Somalia, with Sharif Sheikh Ahmed as head of the ICU. They are also known as the Joint Islamic Courts, Union of Islamic Courts (UIC), Supreme Islamic Courts Council (SICC)or the Supreme Council of Islamic Courts (SCIC)..

7.2.1        ICU’s War against TFG and = Ethiopia between (2006-2009)

ICU controlled most central and sou= thern Somalia till 2006, and then lost all territory to TFG and Ethiopian forces. The less-militant members of the I= CU went into exile in Eritrea and Djibouti, where th= ey formed the Alliance for the Re-Liberation of Somalia in September 2007. In the two years follow= ing the ICU's ouster from Mogadishu, the hardl= ine Islamist groups concentrated their power in the south and west of Somalia= , taking ground from both the TFG and ICU.

By January 2009, a reconciliation and powershari= ng deal was brokered between the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and the= Djibouti contingent from the former Islamic Courts Union which resulted in the expan= sion of the Parliament and the election of Sheik Sharif Ahmed, former leader of = the ICU, as President of the Transitional National Government.

Over time the Islamic courts began to offer other services such as education and health care. The courts also acted as local police forces, being paid by local businesses to reduce crime. The Islamic courts took on the responsibility for halting robberies and drug-dealing, as well as stopping the showing of what it claims to be pornographic films in local movie houses. Somalia is almost entirely Muslim, and these institutio= ns initially had wide public support.

7.2.2-   Why ICU didn’t welcome Foreign fighters in Somalia?

As suicide bombing tactics are rare= even among extremist Somali Muslims, the use of such bombers suggested deeper foreign jihadist assistance. In January 2009, Somali sources said they had defeated or arrested many Arab fighters. In June, numerous foreign pro-ICU fighters were detected trying to flee in boats from the Puntland region; the regional governor told the media that the Islamist fighters had arrived to cause trouble and that Puntland troops were searching for them. =

7.3- Hizbul Islam (&quo= t;Islamic Party"), -     also known as Hizbul Islaami, Hisbi Islam, or Hezb-ul Islam was a Somali Islam= ists insurgent group. It was formed after four Islamist groups merged to fight t= he new Somali government of President Sheikh Sharif Ahmed. The four groups wer= e: Hassan Aweys' ARS-A, Jabhatul Islamiya ("Islamic Front –), Hassan Abdullah Hersi al-Turki's Mu'askar Ras Kamboni (Ras Kamboni Brigade, ) and Muaskar Anole. Later some of Hizbul Islam merged with Al-Shabaab as they we= re together before in the Islamic Courts Union period.

Shiekh Ahmed Madoobe who is heading the Ras Kamboni Brigade, siding with Azania= 217;s Somali National forces against Al-ashabaab militants in Azania Regional State of Somalia.

7.4-    Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen (HSM) , is a militant Islamist gr= oup. The group is an off-shoot of the Islamic Courts Union(ICU), which splintered into several smaller factions after its defeat= in 2006 by the Somali Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and it’s Eth= iopian military allies. Al-Shabaab describes itself as waging jihad against "enemies of Islam", and is engaged in combat against the TFG and = the African Union Mission to Somalia (AMISOM). For period of time the territories = under Al-Shabaab rule were stable, even though later the continous fight between = Al-Shabaab’s against TFG halted international humanitarian help that could save a lot of= the staving Somalis, whom sadly died by the thousands helplessly.

&= nbsp; 7.4.1       Al= -Shabaab and TFG accusing each other

A)- Transitional Federal Government (T= FG) Accused Al-Shabaab that they have a lot of Foreigners Islamic jihadist from Asia in their Ranks, and that these foreigners Jihadist imported Suicidal bombing tactics( suicide bomb killed 19 young students in Benadir Universit= y Mogadishu and also killed with bomb suicide 70 young students in Mogadishu whom were heading to Turkey pursuing their higher education.) and also, other bad pra= ctices such as Beheading, stoning to death and cutting hands and legs practices to Somalia in which Somalis never encounter or accustomed this bad practices before, even in long civil war.

B)- On the other hand Al-Shabaab Accus= ed the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) of inviting Ethiopia’s militry = in and out of Somalia (Ethiopians forces in and out of following Regions- Galgaduud, Hiiraan, Gedo, Bay, Jowhar-Shabeelada Dhexe iyo sh. Hoose-Merca = and of course Benadir- the Somali Capitol of Mogadishu). Al-Shabaab States that Ethiopia an= d Somalia fought heavy wars in the past at least two times after Somalia’s inde= pendence of 1960 and before 1991’s civil war&= nbsp; ( wars in 1964 and 1977 in Ogaden war), and have not yet resolved these is= sues between the countries and at someti= me that Ethiopia Rules part of Somalia of Western Somalia Known as Ogaden, and= no one knows Ethiopia’s motives of participating in a Somali Civil War. =     <= /p>

7.4.2   Al= -Shabaab’s militants fights Against TFG’s Somali National Forces, AMISOM(Uganda & Brundi), Ethio= pia and Kenyan forces.

<= /span>

Throughout 2011, al-Shabaab has suffered a number of military = setbacks at the hands of African Union Mission in So= malia (AMISOM mainly “Uganda and Brundi” ) and Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and with Ethi= opian Forces. A number of factors have made this possible: since the beginning of 2011, an increase in the size of AMISOM from 8,000 to 9,300, which has been accompanied by an enhanced offensive capability; since October, a Kenyan and Azania Regional State Forces incursion across the country’s southern border, justified on security grounds; divisions within al-Shabaab which ha= ve affected its own military cohesion; and a shift in its strategy that reflec= ts growing weakness – and, perhaps a degree of design.

The big AMISOM/TFG military breakthrough occurred on 6 August, when al-Shabaab withdrew almost entirely from Mogadishu, ceding control over the strategically important Bakara market area. The market had provided al-Shab= aab with much revenue and its loss, along with a wider loss in ‘tax revenues’ from ordinary Somalis affected by the food crisis that has = erupted this year (see below), has damaged its ability to pay for resupplies of military equipment.1 Increased US drone attacks also contributed to the pressure that al-Shabaab felt on the ground. Key commanders have been killed this year. Although official figures have not been released, it is clear th= at AMISOM, which is supposed eventually to number 12,000, has also paid a substantial price in lives in pursuit of its objectives, with Ugandan forces bearing the main burden. Additional troops have been promised by Djibouti and Sierra Leone.

Al-Shabaab is also reported to be experiencing internal tensio= ns that may have contributed to the decision to withdraw from Mogadishu. The ‘merger’ in December 2010 between al-Shabaab and its then rival, Hizb-ul-Islam, has not= gone smoothly and al-Shabaab has admitted that there have been problems with mismanagement and corruption within the group this year. Along with its fai= lure to help people affected by the food crisis, this has seriously damaged the group’s reputation amongst ordinary Somalis.

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8) Somali’s Islamic Religion Sch= olars in the Past and present

Somali peo= ple are Hundred percent(99.99%) Muslim. Somalis were Muslims before Mohammed Ibn Abd Al-wahab a wahabist ideologist (some of the Islamic groups in the world follow), who born and l= ived between (1703 to 1792) in the town of Najd, Saudi Arabia;

In contrast with above wahabist Ideologists, the great Somali Muslim hero Imaam Ahmed Ibrahim (Ahmed Gurey) spread Islamic Religio= n in the horn of Africa during 15^th century, well before Al-wa= habi from Saudi Arabia born; Followed by Somali’s next great muslim hero who fought against british colonialist for 20 years Sayid Mohammed Abd= ulle Hassan.

In additio= n to that, our Somali Muslim Scholars (Culamaa u Diin), who really taught many generations the correct vast = knowledge about our Peaceful Islamic religion, following are some of these Somali muslim Scholars :- 1) Sheikh Abaadir 2) Sheikh Abdirahman Seylici 3) Sh= eikh Abdisalaam 4) Sheikh Ali guur= e guuleed 4) Sheikh Madar 5) Sheikh Yussuf Alkawneen 6) Sheikh Ali Jowhar 7) Sheikh Abdiaziz 8) Sheikh Ali Suufi = 9) Sheikh muhyadin Elli 10) sheikh Nuur-adiin Ali Olow 11) Sheikh Awees 12) Sh= eikh Hassan Barsame and more…; Good bless their souls; So, Please remember them and honor them, as well as the living Somali Mu= slim Scholars, since all of these Islamic Scholars from somalia, gave and still giving us the best of our Islamic Religion’s vast correct knowledge S= treight from our beloved QURAN (the word of ALLAH) and AHADEITHS of our Prophet MOHAMMED [Be Peace = and Blessing Upon Him].


Capital	Bu’aale
Largest city	Kismayo
Official language(s)	Somali and Arabic
Government	Presidential Democracy
- =	President of the State	Prof. Mohamed Abdi Mohamed(Gandhi)
Regional State	In Somalia
- =	<= span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt'>Proclaimed	2010

Area
- =	Total	87,000 km² 33,000 sq mi
- =	Water (%)	Negl.
Population
- =	2009 estimate	1,900,000
Currency	Somali Shilling (`SOS`)
Time zone	EAT (UTC+3)

Internet TLD	.so
Calling code	252 (Somalia)

*<= /span>*	Somali refugee women asking when = will the Somali war will stop, I want go back to my Homeland of Somalia from Kenya? <= /span> &nbs= p; &= nbsp; *&nbs= p; &= nbsp;*


	= 1.3- BEAUTIFU= L AND SAD IMAGES FROM AZANIA REGIONAL STATE OF SOMALIA

2) Somalia’s Civil War Timeline-FD=

Report from whistle blower Mr. Abdulrizak Fartaag, head of the Public = Finance Management Unit in Transitional Federal Government(TFG) of Somalia.

7.2.2- Why ICU didn’t welcome Foreign fighters in Somalia?